How do I write the CC logo in HTML, is there something like © (which gives ©)?

(CC stands for Creative Commons).

Question

My question, explained below, is how can R be used to read a string that includes HTML emoji codes like ��, and either (1) represent the emoji symbol (e.g., as a unicode symbol: 🤗) in the parsed string, or (2) convert it into its text equivalent (":hugging face:")?

Background

I have an XML dataset of text messages (from the Android/iOS app [Signal])(https://signal.org/) that I am reading into R for a text mining project. The data look like this, with each text message represented in an sms node:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes" ?><!-- File Created By Signal -->    <smses count="1">        <sms protocol="0" address="+15555555555" contact_name="Jane Doe" date="1483256850399" readable_date="Sat, 31 Dec 2016 23:47:30 PST" type="1" subject="null" body="Hug emoji: &#55358;&#56599;" toa="null" sc_toa="null" service_center="null" read="1" status="-1" locked="0" /></smses>

Problem

I am currently reading these data using the xml2 package for R. When I use the xml2::read_xml function, however, I get the following error message:

Error in doc_parse_raw(x, encoding = encoding, base_url = base_url, as_html = as_html,  :   xmlParseCharRef: invalid xmlChar value 55358

Which, as I understand, indicates that the emoji character is not recognized as valid XML.

Using the xml2::read_html function does work, but drops the emoji character. A small example of this is here:

example_text <- "Hugging emoji: &#55358;&#56599;"xml2::xml_text(xml2::read_html(paste0("<x>", example_text, "</x>")))

(Output: [1] "Hugging emoji: ")

This character is valid HTML -- Googling �� actually converts it in the search bar to the "hugging face" emoji, and brings up results relating to that emoji.

Other information I've found that seems relevant to this question

I've been searching Stack Overflow, and have not found any questions relating to this particular issue. I've also not been able to find a table that straightforwardly gives HTML codes next to the emoji they represent, and so am not able to do an (albeit inefficient) conversion of these HTML codes to their textual equivalents in a big loop before parsing the dataset; for example, neither this list nor its underlying dataset seem to include the string 55358.

I have this code below, which comes from Wordpress Core file /wp-admin/includes/class-wp-posts-list-table.php

  printf(    '<a class="row-title" href="%s" aria-label="%s">%s%s</a>',    get_edit_post_link( $post->ID ),    /* translators: %s: post title */    esc_attr( sprintf( __( '&#8220;%s&#8221; (Edit)' ), $title )),    $pad,    $title  );

In my case the variable $title contains iconfont HTML i.e.

  <i class="fa fa-heart"></i> 

The PHP code is making the web browser display the HTML characters as a string rather than what I'm after which is to display as HTML and render the Font Awesome Icon.

Ive tried wrapping $title in

htmlentities()html_entity_decode()htmlspecialchars()

Can some one help thanx

I have an Angular.js application that I want to start using Haml with. My problem is some of my code doesn't convert properly.

I need to output the following:

<form name='userForm' class='admin-form form-horizontal' ng-submit='userForm.$valid && saveUser()' novalidate></form>

So in Haml, I write:

%form{:class => 'admin-form form-horizontal', :name => 'userForm', :'ng-submit'=>'userForm.$valid && saveUser()'}

The problem though is that the && gets converted to && so:

<form name='userForm' class='admin-form form-horizontal' ng-submit='userForm.$valid &amp;&amp; saveUser()' novalidate></form>

What can I do to prevent this? Also, is it possible to put each attribute of a tag in Haml on a separate line? I get errors when I try to do that as well.

Actually, I wanted to HTMLDecode a text using HttpUtility.HtmlDecode() function and it works properly with whole text, but I want to decode the text except some specific string. How can I do that?

Specifically, I don't want to decode < and >

Let's say my string is - < & >

HttpUtility.HtmlDecode(text) returns - < & >

Wanted Output - < & >