Url Online Encoder

I'm using multi country search using get method php. In my first page i'm using this code for ex: <select id="country" name="nationality[]" multiple="multiple" class="form-control">

In my result page the url is encoded as: url?name=Ganesh&nationality%5B%5D=Italian&nationality%5B%5D=French

if(isset($_GET['nationality'])) {    $are='all';    if($_GET['nationality']!=$are) {        $loc = $_GET['nationality'];        $nationality = array($loc);        $comma_separated = implode(",", $nationality);        $items = preg_split("/[,\\t]+/", $comma_separated);        $sqlItems = array();        foreach ($items as $item) {            $sqlItems []= "'" . ($item). "'";        }    }}

I have been looking up information to ensure that I encode a user-entered URL correctly. I found some scattered information, including:

1. https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/net/URLEncoder.html
2. Which parts of a URL need to be encoded?

I cannot figure out what part and how this URL, for instance, should be encoded.

https://username@something.com:password@host:10080/some/path/to/resource

What about if there are queries? And any other things I need to make sure to do correctly? Examples would be great.

Only thing I am sure of is that I need to encode username and password separately as stated here: https://www.baeldung.com/java-url-encoding-decoding

Does anybody know how to properly define a curl GET in PHP, for receiving data from the crunchbase API (v3.1) when there are special characters like french accents or umlauts?

I've tried replacing obvious characters with their "original forms", like ö -> o or ö -> oe or left them out completely. And of course I tried encoding the part (or the whole url) with IDN, didn't work (w%C3%BCnsche). rawurlecode() also did not work.Interstingly enough, the official provided api link for the guy below also includes umlauts.

// This is an example name that causes the problem$name = 'jan-wünsche';// base url and key$url = 'https://api.crunchbase.com/v3.1/people/' . urlencode($name) . '? user_key=' . $KEY;$curl = curl_init();curl_setopt_array($curl, [    CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER => 1,    CURLOPT_URL => $url]);$result = curl_exec($curl);curl_close($curl);

Instead of his profile, I get "No Mapping Rule matched".

Does anyone know how encode special chars here with the crunchbase API? Thanks a lot!

In JMeter, I've set up a HTTP Request, doing a GET with parameters. The URL Encode flag is set to true (to properly encode the URL). There are spaces in the values of the parameters, so I would expect that the space would be replaced by %20. However, they are being replaced by plus (+). Because I'm using ODATA, the spaces should be %20. A piece of the value is coming from a test data file ${id}.

I've tried setting the Content-Type to text/plain in both the HTTP Header Manager section, as well as the content-type column of the parameters themselves.

This is how the encoding is showing up for one of the parameters:

filter=id+eq+%27myuniqueID+%27+and+page+eq+1+and+rpp+eq+300

I'm expecting this:

filter=id%20eq%20%27myuniqueID%20%27%20and%20page%20eq%201%20and%20rpp%20eq%20300

I've read this answer because my problem was similar to the question, but now I'm stuck.
Through Postman I'm sending data this way:

and in Spring I retrieve them like this:

@PostMapping(path = PathConstants.START_ACTION, consumes = MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED_VALUE)    public ResponseEntity<BaseResponse<ProcessInstance>> start(@PathVariable String processDefinitionId,            @RequestParam("username") String params) {

This was it's working, and I can print the value of the username:

System.out.println("Username " + params);

The problem is that I need all the params I'm sending, but I can't get them as a String or whatever other Object, since I will be making lots of different requests and not all of them have "username" field, and by the way I need to collect all of them.
How can I achieve this? I've tried doing

 @PostMapping(path = PathConstants.START_ACTION, consumes = MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED_VALUE)    public ResponseEntity<BaseResponse<ProcessInstance>> start(@PathVariable String processDefinitionId,            @RequestParam String params) {

or

@PostMapping(path = PathConstants.START_ACTION, consumes = MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED_VALUE)    public ResponseEntity<BaseResponse<ProcessInstance>> start(@PathVariable String processDefinitionId,             String params) {

as suggested in other answers, but in these cases params is null. What is the right way to work?